Most evidence indicated that consumption of whole-fat dairy was not associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, although a change from whole-fat to reduced-fat dairy improved outcomes for some risk factors in 1 study. Studies were consistent in reporting that whole-fat dairy products were not associated with increased measures of weight gain or adiposity. The majority were conducted in the United States and were prospective or cross-sectional observational studies, with only 1 randomized controlled trial. A total of 29 journal articles met our criteria for inclusion.
For the purposes of this review, a “whole-fat” dairy product was defined as a product with the natural fat content, whereas a “reduced-fat” dairy product was defined as a product with some or all of the fat removed (including “low-fat” and “skim” versions). We systematically reviewed the literature in indexed, peer-reviewed journals to summarize pediatric studies (children aged from 2 to 18 y) assessing associations between whole- and reduced-fat dairy intake and measures of adiposity as well as biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk, including the serum lipid profile, blood pressure, low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and measures of glucose homeostasis. Associations in children could differ due to growth and development. In adults, most studies have not found the consumption of whole-fat dairy products to be associated with increased cardiometabolic or adiposity risk. doi:10.Dietary guidelines commonly recommend that children aged >2 y consume reduced-fat dairy products rather than regular- or whole-fat dairy. A review of health-beneficial properties of oats. Paudel D, Dhungana B, Caffe M, Krishnan P. Safe & Healthy: Preparing & Preserving Food at Home. Multiple food reactions: Oat, onion, tomato. National Celiac Association.Īmerican Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Whitehead A, Beck EJ, Tosh S, Wolever TM. The metabolic effects of oats intake in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Kazerouni A, Feily A. Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: A randomised cross-over trial. Magnesium: Its role in nutrition and carcinogenesis.
Oatmeal particle size alters glycemic index but not as a function of gastric emptying rate. Instant oatmeal increases satiety and reduces energy intake compared to a ready-to-eat oat-based breakfast cereal: A randomized crossover trial. Rebello CJ, Johnson WD, Martin CK, et al.
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